什么叫分詞的懸錘現(xiàn)象?好想老師說句子狀語,好像又是插入語才有懸錘現(xiàn)象,我記不清楚了,應(yīng)該是怎么樣的啊?分詞的懸錘現(xiàn)象是不是獨立主格啊?

熱心網(wǎng)友

垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)(The Dangling Construction)就是一個句子成分,如分詞短語,不定式動詞短語等,找不到被修飾的主語或被修飾的對象不合邏輯。垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)是種錯誤的句法,應(yīng)該避免。   下面是三種常見的垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)及其改正方法:  ?、贝箲曳衷~或分詞短語,如:   ① Climbing up the hill, several boars were seen。   這句子里的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(present participial phrase)修飾主語“several boars”是錯的;改正方法有二:   (a)確定是邏輯主語,使句子變成“Climbing up the hill, the explorers saw several boars?!?  (b)把現(xiàn)在分詞短語擴大為副詞分句(也稱狀語從句):“When the explorers climbed up the hill, they saw several boars/ several boars were seen?!?  ⒉垂懸副詞短語,如:   ② After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite。   這句的副詞短語(adverb phrase)和主語“the fish”有什么邏輯關(guān)系呢?真正的邏輯主語應(yīng)該是“the fisherman”或“the angler”才對。改正方法和例①同:   (a) After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fisherman found that the fish began to bite。   (b) After the fisherman had put a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite。  ?、炒箲也欢ㄊ絼釉~短語,如:  ?、?To write well, a lot of practice is needed。   ④ To be a loyal employee, a sense of belonging is a must。   這兩個句子的不定式動詞短語(infinitive phrases)并不能修飾“practice”和“a sense of belonging”,真正的主語必須是“ 人”,如:   (a) To write well, one needs a lot of practice/a person has to practise a lot。   (b) To be a loyal employee, he or she must have a sense of belonging。   上述三類垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)中,第一類發(fā)生的頻率最高,必須注意。但是在下列三種情況下,分詞短語是對的,它們并非垂懸結(jié)構(gòu):   第一,獨立結(jié)構(gòu)(The Absolute Construction,見3月7日《中英合談》)中的分詞短語有自己的主語,所以不是垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:  ?、?Such being the case, we can go home now。/。。。it is not wrong to call it a day。   第二,當分詞含有介詞或連詞性質(zhì)時,它不需要邏輯主語,所以沒有垂懸問題存在。例如:  ?、?Owing to a lack of funds, the project has to be discontinued。  ?、?Provided that there is sufficient time, everyone can do the job better。   第三,當分詞短語是用來表示說話者的態(tài)度或意見時,也不需要邏輯主語,因此也不存在著垂懸問題。例如:  ?、?Judging from his facial look, the news must have been terrible。  ?、?Taken as a whole, there is nothing wrong with the logic behind that idea 。